In recent years, cannabis, also known as weed, has moved from the edge of legality and social acceptance to a mainstream topic of conversation with growing support for its medicinal and recreational use. As laws change and public perception shifts, so too does the conversation around its effects, particularly when it comes to mental health. While some users report feelings of relaxation, reduced anxiety, or even enhanced creativity, research paints a more complex picture. Research shows that, in 2023, approximately 61.8 million people used marijuana. Many people may still ask: how bad is weed for mental health, really?
For many people, occasional or moderate cannabis use may not cause significant psychological harm. However, studies increasingly suggest that frequent or high-potency use, especially among young people or those with a family history of mental illness, can be linked to heightened risks of anxiety, depression, and even psychosis. As cannabis becomes more potent and accessible, it is important to examine the real risks and eliminate the myths. In this blog, we will break down what the science says, who may be most at risk, and how cannabis use might interact with mental health conditions.
Anchor Therapy is a counseling center in Hoboken, NJ with mental health therapists specialized in helping children, teens, adults, couples, and families with anxiety, depression, relationship issues, trauma, life transitions, and more. Anchor Therapy is accepting new clients and is now providing in-person sessions and teletherapy sessions to residents of New Jersey, New York, and Florida.
What does weed do to your brain?
When cannabis is consumed, its main psychoactive ingredient- THC (tetrahydrocannabinol)- quickly enters the bloodstream and travels to the brain, where it binds to cannabinoid receptors, particularly in areas involved in memory, emotion, pleasure, and movement. These receptors are part of the endocannabinoid system which helps regulate mood, sleep, appetite, and pain perception. When THC over stimulates this system, it produces the "high" associated with marijuana use which can include feelings of relaxation, altered sensory perception, and euphoria. However, it also disrupts normal communication between neurons which can lead to impaired thinking, coordination issues, and distorted judgment.
One of the most immediate effects of THC is on short-term memory. It interferes with the brain’s ability to encode new memories which can make it difficult to learn and retain information while under the influence. This is especially concerning for adolescents and young adults whose brains are still developing. Research suggests that early, heavy cannabis use may affect brain development, particularly in areas related to learning, decision-making, and impulse control. Some studies have even shown a link between frequent marijuana use in teens and reduced IQ scores later in life though more research is needed to fully understand this connection.
Long-term cannabis use can also cause structural and functional changes in the brain. Imaging studies have found differences in the size and shape of the hippocampus (which regulates memory) and the amygdala (which processes emotions) in regular users. These changes may explain why some long-term users experience increased symptoms of anxiety, depression, and other mood disorders. In people with a genetic predisposition to mental illness, such as schizophrenia or bipolar disorder, cannabis use, especially high-THC strains, may trigger or worsen symptoms, including hallucinations or paranoia.
Finally, while not everyone who uses cannabis becomes dependent, long-term use can lead to Cannabis Use Disorder (CUD). CUD is characterized by cravings, withdrawal symptoms, and an inability to stop despite negative consequences. This risk is higher among people who start using young or who use potent cannabis products regularly. As THC potency in legal cannabis continues to rise, so does the concern among researchers and addiction counselors.
Understanding how weed affects the brain- both in the short and long term- is crucial for making informed decisions about its use, particularly for those with existing mental health conditions or at higher risk for them.
What is Cannabis Use Disorder?
CUD is a medical condition characterized by a problematic pattern of cannabis use that leads to significant impairment or distress. It is recognized by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) and can range from mild to severe depending on the number of symptoms present.
People with CUD may find it difficult to control their use of cannabis even when it interferes with their work, school, relationships, or health. They might also spend a lot of time using the drug, experience strong cravings, and continue using it despite knowing it is causing problems in their life.
One of the key features of CUD is the development of tolerance, meaning a person needs to use more cannabis over time to achieve the same effects. Withdrawal symptoms can also occur when they try to cut down or stop, including irritability, sleep disturbances, decreased appetite, anxiety, and mood swings. These symptoms can make quitting difficult, leading to a cycle of continued use. CUD is more likely to develop in people who begin using cannabis at an early age, use it frequently, or consume high-potency products with elevated levels of THC.
Although not everyone who uses cannabis develops a disorder, CUD is more common than many people realize, especially as cannabis becomes more potent and widely available. Studies suggest that around 1 in 10 cannabis users will develop CUD at some point, and this number increases to 1 in 6 for those who start using as teenagers.
Addiction treatment options include behavioral therapies such as Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT), motivational enhancement therapy, and support groups which can help individuals manage cravings, develop healthier coping strategies, and build a plan for recovery.
What are some key signs of CUD?
Using more cannabis than intended
Unsuccessful efforts to cut down or stop
Spending a lot of time on cannabis
Cravings and strong urges to use
Neglecting responsibilities
Continued use despite problems
Giving up important activities
Using in risky situations (e.g., driving under the influence, etc.)
Developing tolerance
Experiencing withdrawal symptoms
Persistent use despite awareness of harm
If you are wondering if you are addicted to weed, you are not alone. Knowing whether or not you are addicted to cannabis all comes down to being truly honest with yourself and how weed is impacting your life, habits, and mental state. Remember that addiction does not always mean constant use- it simply means loss of control and continuing to use the drug despite potential negative consequences.
Here are some questions to ask yourself to assess if you are addicted to marijuana or not:
Can you stop or cut back easily?
Do you crave weed or think about it constantly?
Has marijuana use started affecting your responsibilities?
Are you using it to cope emotionally?
Do you need more weed to feel the same effects?
Do you feel off when you do not use marijuana?
Have loved ones expressed concern over your marijuana use?
Is weed withdrawal mental?
Yes, weed withdrawal is primarily mental, but it can also include physical symptoms. When someone who has used cannabis regularly, especially in high doses or over a long period, stops using it, the brain and body need time to readjust.
The most common withdrawal symptoms are psychological and can include irritability, anxiety, mood swings, difficulty sleeping, and intense cravings. Many people report feeling unusually agitated or restless, and some experience depression or a general sense of emotional flatness.
What are signs of anxiety due to weed withdrawal?
Restlessness or nervous energy
Racing thoughts
Irritability
Physical symptoms (Read our blog “3 Ways to Manage Your Physical Anxiety Symptoms”)
Sleep disturbances (Check out our blog “Unlocking the Secrets of Quality Sleep: A Therapist’s Perspective on Sleep Hygiene and Insomnia”)
Panic attacks (Our blog “Your Guide to Panic Attack Treatment” is a must-read)
Difficulty concentrating
Increased sensitivity to stress (View our blog “Everything You Need to Know About Stress Management Therapy”)
For more information, read our blog “Do I Have Anxiety? Take The Quiz and Learn 5 Instant Calming Tips.”
What are signs of depression due to weed withdrawal?
Persistent feelings of sadness or emptiness
Loss of interest or pleasure in activities once enjoyed
Feelings of hopelessness or helplessness
Fatigue or low energy levels
Difficulty concentrating or making decisions (Read our blog “How Mental Health Counseling Can Help Your Decision Fatigue”)
Changes in appetite (eating much more or much less than usual)
Sleep disturbances, including insomnia or restless sleep (Read our blog “What Is The Main Cause of Insomnia?”)
Feelings of worthlessness or excessive guilt
Irritability or agitation
In severe cases, thoughts of death and suicide (Feeling suicidal? Help is only a phone call away at the free National Suicide Prevention Lifeline: 800-273-8255)
Check out our blog “3 Benefits of Working With A Depression Therapist.”
These mental symptoms are a result of the brain’s endocannabinoid system being thrown off balance after becoming dependent on THC to regulate mood and stress.
While the mental effects are often the most noticeable, some mild physical symptoms can occur too, such as headaches, decreased appetite, nausea, or night sweats. However, unlike withdrawal from substances like alcohol or opioids, cannabis withdrawal is not typically dangerous or life-threatening. Symptoms usually begin within 24–72 hours of quitting, peak around day three to seven, and can last up to two weeks or more for heavy users. For some, the psychological discomfort can be intense enough to lead to relapse which is why support from an addiction counselor at Anchor Therapy, support group, or treatment program can be helpful during the withdrawal process.
Can weed change personality?
Yes, weed can potentially change a person’s personality, especially with long-term or heavy use. Cannabis affects brain areas involved in mood, motivation, and decision-making which can influence behavior and emotional responses over time. Some users report feeling more relaxed, open, or creative while under the influence, but chronic use, particularly starting in adolescence, may lead to lasting changes such as increased apathy, reduced motivation (sometimes called “amotivational syndrome”), or altered social behaviors.
For some people, regular cannabis use might make them more withdrawn, less ambitious, or emotionally flat, impacting how they interact with others and pursue goals. On the other hand, some users feel more outgoing or less anxious socially.
The effects can vary widely depending on factors like dosage, frequency, individual brain chemistry, and underlying mental health. If personality changes feel negative or interfere with daily life, it is a good idea to evaluate cannabis use and consider talking to a healthcare professional.
Why do I get emotional when I stop smoking weed?
Feeling emotional when you stop smoking weed is a common experience and it is largely tied to how cannabis interacts with your brain’s chemistry, especially the endocannabinoid system which plays a crucial role in regulating mood, stress, and emotional balance.
When you regularly use cannabis, THC alters the way your brain releases and processes neurotransmitters like dopamine and serotonin which are chemicals responsible for feelings of pleasure and well-being. Over time, your brain may become reliant on cannabis to maintain this chemical balance, making it harder to regulate emotions naturally without it.
When you suddenly stop using weed, your brain needs time to readjust and start producing these neurotransmitters on its own again which can lead to an emotional rollercoaster. This readjustment period often triggers heightened feelings of anxiety, irritability, sadness, or even bouts of crying more easily than usual. You might also experience mood swings or feel unusually sensitive to everyday stressors. These emotional symptoms are a normal part of cannabis withdrawal and can feel intense because your brain is essentially “relearning” how to manage emotions without the influence of THC.
Additionally, many people use cannabis as a coping mechanism for stress, anxiety, or underlying mental health challenges, so stopping may bring those suppressed emotions back to the surface. Without weed’s calming or numbing effects, unresolved feelings or worries might feel overwhelming.
Sleep disturbances and physical withdrawal symptoms, like restlessness or fatigue, can also worsen emotional sensitivity, making it harder to stay balanced. The good news is that these emotional effects typically improve within a few weeks as your brain heals and rebalances itself. If the feelings become too intense or prolonged, talking to a mental health professional can provide support and strategies to navigate this challenging period.
Addiction counseling for marijuana use
At Anchor Therapy, addiction counseling for marijuana use is designed to provide compassionate, evidence-based support tailored to each individual’s unique needs. Understanding that CUD can affect people differently, Anchor Therapy offers personalized treatment plans that address not only the physical aspects of addiction but also the psychological and emotional factors that contribute to continued use. Our experienced substance abuse counselors work closely with clients to explore the underlying reasons for cannabis dependence, such as coping with stress, anxiety, or past trauma, and help develop healthier strategies for managing these challenges without relying on marijuana.
Addiction counseling for marijuana use is a specialized form of therapy designed to help individuals struggling with cannabis dependence regain control over their lives. While marijuana is often perceived as less addictive than other substances, frequent or heavy use can lead to CUD, characterized by cravings, withdrawal symptoms, and continued use despite negative consequences. Addiction counseling focuses on understanding the underlying reasons behind a person’s cannabis use to address these root causes alongside the addiction itself.
One of the core components of marijuana addiction counseling is Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) which helps clients identify and change thought patterns and behaviors that contribute to their cannabis use. Counselors also use motivational interviewing techniques to build the client’s readiness and commitment to change, providing support and encouragement throughout the recovery process. This personalized approach allows individuals to develop practical coping skills, manage triggers and cravings, and create strategies to prevent relapse. Counseling sessions are often tailored to the individual’s stage of use and severity of addiction, ensuring a supportive and effective treatment experience.
In addition to individual therapy, group counseling plays a vital role in marijuana addiction treatment. Group sessions offer a safe space for clients to share experiences, gain peer support, and learn from others who face similar challenges. This community environment helps reduce feelings of isolation and fosters a sense of accountability and motivation. Many programs also incorporate family counseling to rebuild trust and improve communication, recognizing that addiction impacts not only the individual but their loved ones as well.
What are the benefits of addiction counseling for marijuana use?
Helps pinpoint underlying causes of cannabis use, such as stress, anxiety, or trauma
Provides personalized strategies to manage cravings and avoid triggers
Teaches coping skills to handle stress and emotional challenges without weed
Supports motivation and commitment to quit or reduce use through motivational interviewing
Address negative thought patterns and behaviors with CBT
Offers a safe, non-judgmental environment for open discussion and self-reflection
Reduces risk of relapse by developing effective prevention plans
Provides peer support and encouragement through group counseling sessions
Helps rebuild relationships and improve communication with family through family therapy
Improves overall mental health and emotional well-being
Empowers individuals to regain control over their lives and make healthier choices
Increases chances of long-term recovery and sustained sobriety
Overall, addiction counseling for marijuana use aims to promote long-term recovery by addressing both the psychological and behavioral aspects of cannabis dependence. Through a combination of evidence-based therapies, personalized support, and educational resources, counseling helps individuals overcome their addiction, improve their mental health, and rebuild a balanced, fulfilling life without reliance on marijuana. Whether you are seeking help for occasional problematic use or more severe addiction or seeking services for a loved one, counseling provides a critical pathway toward healing and lasting change.
Victoria Scala
is the Social Media Manager, Intake Coordinator, and Community Engagement Director at Anchor Therapy in Hoboken, New Jersey. She is a graduate of the Honors College of Rutgers University-Newark and is currently studying Clinical Mental Health Counseling at the graduate level. In her roles, Victoria is committed to managing the office’s social media/community presence and prioritizing clients' needs.
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